Gummy stem blight is a leaf and stem disease of may vegetables and plants caused by fungal infection. It is a roting disease.
Specially the plant cucumber suffers with this disease. The symptom includes in the cucumber leaf that from the corner of the leaf or leaf edge started to discolouration. It turned into yellow to dark brown. Brown spot may surrounded with yellow color.
Pathogens are these microorganism that causes significant harm of living organism. The organism that causes good effect in animals body is termed as normal flora.
A lot of microorganism found that belongs with any animal and produce mutual beneficial effect. This is symbiotic relationship. Examples of symbiotic relationship are azetobactor with legume and causing of nitrogen fixation into soil.
Bacteria involved in digestive system that causes effective digestion.
The pathogens causes disease. There have different types of pathogens.
Bacteria : Clostridium titani
Virus : Tobacco mosaic virus
Fungus :
Protozoa
Nematodes
A common fungus of the colletotrichum genus causes anthracnose. The scientific name of anthracnose causing pathogen is colletotrichum corchorii.
The infection happens mainly in leaves and stems. It causes the yellowish brown and water soaked lesson color of the stem. The fragmentation of fibre is one of the unique symptom.
It is a cool winter season disease. Cool weather promotes disease to cause. Moisture also promotes the fungus development. In optimum temperature 75 -85 degree farenhite the infection and disease development triggers.
Verticillium wilt is a disease of cotton plant caused by vertecillium dhalphia. The infection spreads through root.
Symptom
Tiger stripes leaf symptom
During square and ball formation stage the plant is affected.
Bronging found in vein
The pathogen survival
Pathogen can survive in plant debris. In soil it can survive 14 years as microsclerotia.
In cool heavy soil with alkaline environment pathogen can develop well. The soil with excessive nitrogen fertiliser is a favourable condition for infection.
Rice productivity is mostly depends on rice health. Different types of disease impacts on rice productivity.
Rice may suffer in different types of diseases that is caused by different pathogen.
Blight sheath disease
Tungaro disease
Blight leaf disease
Sheath blight is a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. The symptomatic expression of the disease is as bellow,
Water soaked
Greenish grey spot in sheath
Sclerotia forming in infected tissue
In high humidity and temperature disease can spread easily. Moreover, excess nitrogen and plant density may also triggers the disease.
Fusariun oxysporam is a pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt disease. Specially in cotton plant this disease is found.
The symptom includes in fusariam wilt disease is as bellow,
Yellowing and browning of cotyledons. Browning of petioles.
Leaves loss of turgity
Leaf falling and willing
Leaf yellowing
Black brown of vascular tissue
The pathogen have the following characteristics
Survive in saprophyte for long years
Clamydophores act as a resting spores
Seed born pathogen
Spreads through dormant seed, hyohae and clamydospores
May spread by air and water irrigation
Hot and humid condition is favourable
Brown spot disease of Rice plant is a fungal disease. The symptom includes
Large spot
The brown and dark brown leaf leison
Bacterial leaf blight disease of rice is a infectious disease caused by pathogen, bacteria which scientific name is xanthomonas oryzae.
The symptoms of disease includes the grey green color of leaf and turned it into straw yellow color and finally death of the leaf.
The blast is a common infectious disease of Rice plant caused by the microorganism magnaporthe oryzae. Leaf and node of the stem is infect basically.
Blast is a fungal infectious disease may start in seedlings to later tillering stage in rice plant growth. Symptom is found in glumes, rachis, leaves, neck and nodes.
Following symptom of blast is
Leaf blast : Infection in leaf. In early stage bluish green lesson and then turned into spindle shaped spot. The spot enlarged in moisture.
The infection in node caused breaking of nodes.
The infection in neck causes greyish color and falling of neck. During milky stage of rice development this may happens and can destroy milk development.
There are different types of weed in crop field. Based on the morphological feature weeds are three different types.
True grasses : Grasses are the plant of poaceae family. These have simple small thin leaves with parallel vein. Crabgrass, fox tail
Seedge : These are not true grass. These are different from grass that these have triangular stem. Examples, nutseedge, purple nutseedge and bulrush.
Broadleaf weeds : Broadleafs are different from all other two weed. These have wide leaf. Among the weeds clover give benefit to soil by nitrogen fixation.
According to the plant life cycle the weeds are in three classes
Annual weeds: Weed life cycle within one year. Example, crabgrass and pigweed. These plant grows in summer and germinate in spring.
Chickweed and henbit is a winter annual weed that germinate in fall summer, grows in spring and survive in winter.
Binneal weed : Weeds life cycle within two years. These have two types of growth. First year growth is vegetative growth like forming body and root, storing energy and in second year flowering and fruiting. The examples are wild carrot, bul thistle, burdock.
Perennial weed : Weeds life cycle more than two years. Examples dendalion, Canada thistle, Bermuda grass.
These may have two types of reproduction. Vegetative reproduction and seed reproduction. Dendalion and plantain spreads through seed but Bermuda grass spread with rhizome. This is a creeping plant else.
Rice tungro disease is a pathogenic disease caused by two virus transmitted by leafhopper. The scientific name of these two virus is
Tungro is a most rice damaging disease in south east Asia. From seedlings to all growing stage of plant tungro can appear.
When any leafhopper feed any infected leaf the virus transmit to leafhopper and then when it attack on other leaf, the leaf is infect. Though, virus can not survive long time in leafhopper body.
The symptomatic expression of tungro disease is yellow orange leaf. Yellow color appears at the top of the leaf initially and expand to bottom side of the plant leaf.
The disease can spread very rapidly. The disease can damage yielding. Disease may slower the flowering and plant growth.
It can delay maturity. Plant may shows stunting.
The yellowing of leaf may be confused with zinc deficiency symptom and nitrogen deficiency symptom of rice plant. Disease diagnosis test may reach in a final conclusion. ELISA and RIPA is the most popular test for tungro disease diagnosis.
There have different types of crops disease. Some are non pathogenic and some are pathogenic. The common pathogens of crop disease is bacteria, virus, Nematodes and fungus.
Croppers system can easily identify the plant disease. Diagnosis of plant disease if it infectious disease or non infectious disease can lead to proper treatment and prevention.
The more vulnerable parts of plant for disease is leaves, stems, roots, foliage.
The symptomatic expression of disease mostly found in leaves and stems.
Plant nutrition deficiency plays a vital role in plant disease.
The most common crop disease is blight, wilting, rot, leaf spot.
The pathogenic diseases are classified into following groups,
Bacterial disease : Disease caused by bacterial infection. Bactericidal antibiotic or bacteriostatic antibiotic and chemicals should be a treatment option.
Viral disease : Disease caused by virus infection. Antiviral drugs and medicines are the treatment option.
Nematodal disease: Infection caused by nematode is nematodal infection.
Fungal disease : Disease caused by fungus is called fungal disease.
Non infectious disease are also classified into following groups
Insect attack disease : Disease caused by different types of insects.
Frost attack disease : Disease caused by different types of animal attack.
Nutritional deficiency disease: Disease caused by the deficiency of fundamental essential elements or trace elements or antioxidant deficiency.
Environmental stress disease : Different environmental stress like drought, humidity, waterloadging or sunlight exposure and environmental toxicity related disease.
Gummy stem blight is a leaf and stem disease of may vegetables and plants caused by fungal infection. It is a roting disease. Specially the...
